:

:
: ,
:

:

-

- 2009.

.

, , , . : ?, . , 2005 800 . (1 /), 5 . 2005 . , IP , . .. , , desktop-. .

- , , . , , . , , , , , , , - , , . , , , .

.

.1. , :

. 1.

--(1);

- - (2);

-- (3);

- - (4).

, - - ROBO SOHO. ROBO (Regional Office/Branch Office) - , SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) .

, . , , , . (remote node). , , .

, , . . . - ( 1 . 1) (, 90 Norton Commander Terminal Windows 3.1), . - , VT-100, . IBM, MVS, PAD, .25, . , , , , , .

, DOS, Windows, OS/2, . , . , , , , Windows. , .

, . . (Plain Old Telephone Service POTS) , , ISDN. . , , ISDN . , , , ISDN , , ISDN. ISDN , , .

, .

, .25 frame relay, - . , , , , . .25 frame relay ROBO, , . .25 PAD, , .

, . , , , , , . , ISDN , 64 / 64 / frame relay .

, . , . 20-40 ISDN. , 40 , 60-80, frame relay. , , , . frame relay.

-

, . (Remote Access Server, RAS), . , , .

, , , . , ( ), , , , ( ), .

(Communication Server). , /, . , , , . , , . , dial-out , - .

(Remote Access Server, RAS) , , , . . . dial-in , , , . . .

, - , . . Microsoft RAS, Windows NT, NetWare Connect, NetWare.

dial-in , dial-out .

dial-in dial-out , ..

- : , .

- (remote node). ( ISDN) , . , . , , . . ISDN, SLIP, . .25 frame relay , LAP-B .25/3 LAP-F ( frame relay ). , , , , , , , . IP, IPX NetBEUI. , , , .

, , , , . , 33, 6 / , 3 % Ethernet, , 30 , 15-20 . , , .

. . , . , .

, , -, , . - (, Oracle, Informix, Microsoft SQL Server), , . , User Manager for Domains Windows NT.

, , .

WAN- , ISDN- PAD X.25. , , . , .

. IP, IP-, , . ARP(, proxy ARP), - IP-, . NetBIOS , .

, ( ), .

Mac OS, OS/2, Windows 95 Windows NT Workstation . . , .

(remote control) (terminal access). , , - , , . - , . - , , - .

, , , (MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, OS/2 Warp), , (Unix, IBM, 1MB OS-400, VAX VMS).

, , , dBase, Paradox Access. , , , .

, WinFrame Citrix. .

, , , . , Norton pcAnywhere , ReachOut, LapLink for Windows, Carbon Copy, Remotely Possible Close-Up.

. , , , . , . , telnet Unix, DEC LAT VAX VMS.

. , , . , , .

, , , cc:mail Mobile Lotus, , (, Exchange Microsoft).

, , , . - , - , . , .

. , . , . , , .

, , , , . , . .

, . ( .25) , , , , .

, .

, Internet. frame relay , . Internet, Internet .

.

( ) . , , , , (.2).

.2.

, , , .

SLIP Internet . .25 , .

Internet , Internet , .25. intranet, Internet .

Internet , - . . -, IP-, Internet, - IPX, NetBEUI, Ethernet . . -, , .

Internet . , Internet .

Internet

(DSL), (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL), (SDSL), (Rate Adaptive DSL, RADSL) (Very high-speed DSL, VDSL).

- 1/1, High-speed DSL (HDSL) 4- 1, 544 2, 048 /. ISDN 2- 128 /.

Internet ( Internet ) 2- , - . .

, , , . (V.34, V.34+) 3100 , *DSL 1 - . *DSL .3. ADSL-.

.3. ADSL-

ADSL-, , : , , . - 1, 5 6 /, - - 16 / 1 /. . , Internet , , . .

ADSL - ADSLAM. 3100 , , ADSLAM.

ADSL ISDN HDSL - , . , ADSL , . POTS ADSL-. . ISDN HDSL , 64 /.

, , Internet ( ). Internet , , ADSL, , .

*DSL Internet , .

ADSL- . , - DMT, - , , . *DSL , . ADSL , short range short haul . , , , , , 2, 048 / (, RAD Data Communications).

Internet . - . 75- 30 /, - 10 /. .

Internet - Internet, 10 8 / 80 /, SONET/SDH . Internet, UUCP, .

, .

ISDN - .

- (RAS), , .

, , .

dial-in ( ), - dial-out.

, . , - 4800 9600 /.

, , , .

, Internet, Internet - , .

Internet - *DSL, ADSL

1. . . , , . 2009 .

2. . . . .. . , , . 2009 .

3. , , . . 2007 .