1.0.
, . , , .
, , .
, , , , , , .
. () . , , . , . , 55% . - .
, , , , , . .
.
, , , .
2.0. .
2.1. -10-14 .
- -10/ , , , . , , . 1790.
, , , , .
, , . 1596. 10 / 1596.
, . , .
, , , .
. .
( ), . (S=55 ) 512,5 . . .
512,5 , . 90 , 110 . . , .
. : () (). , , 763,5 .
1- , . 1- .
323 . , - 15-20 . : 65 100 .
, . , . .
0,7 , 200, .
2500 3 , 20 .
2.2. .
, ( , , , ). , , , .
, .. - 3 10 %.
, , . .
, . , 76,7 98% . 0,1 4,5 %.
: 2, 4, mn, H2S , 2, 2, N2 2. m n .
( ):
+ 2+ mn+ H2S+ 2+ 2+ N2=100%.
2.
( ):
+ 2+ mn+ H2S+ 2+ 2+ N2+ 2 =100%.
13 33,29 35,87 /3 (7946 8560 /3).
:
4 = 85,8
2 6 = 0,2
3 8 = 0,1
4 10 = 0,1
5 12 0.
N2 = 13,7
2 = 0,1
:
Q =31 000.
00 760 ..:
Q =31 000
ρic=0,789 /3.
2.3. .
, . : .
. . , . . . , , , .
, , . , , . , , . .
: , , α, q3, , , , .
. .
10 14 . . , . , . : , . . . .
2.4. .
- . , . 100 .
. 1200 1300. 1200.
2.5. .
. . : . , .. = 1,4 . . : 2 3. 2 9 . . ( 8) , . , 200 , 550-600 , , . .
. . .
12 /, , t.. = 1700.
3. .
3.1. :
|
|
| 1. |
, (/2) |
1,39 (14) |
| 2. |
:
|
194
225
|
| 3. |
(2)
|
40
116
|
| 4. |
(3) |
17,2 |
| 5. |
(/3)
|
435
|
| 6. |
(2) |
41,46 |
| 7. |
(3) |
38,95 |
| 8. |
(2) |
88,5 |
| 9. |
():
|
6478
4300
5050
|
| 10. |
(%) |
92,04 |
| 11. |
: () |
-7 |
| 12. |
:
(/)
(/)
|
2-236
1000
10 1000
|
3.2. .
1. :
) : -;
) : 4 = 85,8
2 6 = 0,2
3 8 = 0,1
4 10 = 0,1
5 12 0.
N2 = 13,7
2 = 0,1
:
Q =31 000.
00 760 ..:
Q =31 000
ρic=0,789 /3.
10,0 /.
.
1000.
2. .
α=1,1.
3. , .
V0 = 0,0476[0,5 + 0,5 + 0,52 + 1,52S+∑(m + )Cm Hn O2 ];
V0 = 0,0476[(1 + ) * 85,8 + (2 + ) * 0,2 + (3 + ) * 0,1 + (4 + ) * 0,1]= 0, 0476 [171,6 +0,7 + 0,5 + 0,65]=8,26 (3/3);
4. (3/3).
VRO = 0,01 (2 + + 2S +∑m * m n );
VRO = 0,01(0,1 + [ 1 * 85,8 + 2 * 0,2 + 3 * 0,1 + 4 * 0,1]) = (86,9 + 0,1) * 0,01 = 0,87 (3/3);
5. .
V N = 0.79 V0 + ;
V N = 0.79 * 8,26 + = 6,66 (3);
6. 3 /3.
V0H O = 0,01(H2S + H2 + ∑ + 0,124 d .) + 0,0161*V0;
V0H O = 0,01 ( * 85,8 + * 0,2 + * 0,1 + * 0,1) + 0,0161* 8,26 = =1,864 (3 /3)
7. :
)
Δ - Δ = 0,05
Δ I - Δ I.. = 0,05
Δ II - Δ II. = 0,1
Δ - Δ . = 0,1
) :

: =1,1 + 0,05
I : = 1,15 + 0,05 = 1,2
II : = 1,2 + 0,1 = 1,3
: = 1,3 + 0,1 = 1,4.
) :

= 1,125;
I. . = 1,175;
II. . = 1,25;
, = 1,35.
8. , 3/3.
V = V ( -1);
: V .. =8,26 * 0,125 = 1,033 (3/3);
I .. V I =8,26 * 0,175 = 1,446 (3/3);
II .. V II =8,26 * 0,25 = 2,064 (3/3);
V ..= 8,26 * 0,35 = 2,89 (3/3).
9. , 3/3.
VN =V0N +( *V0
VN = 6,66 + (1,125 - 1)*8,26 = 7,69 (3/3);
I .. VI N =6,66 + (1,175 - 1)*8,26 = 8,11 (3/3);
II . V II N =6,66 + (1,25 - 1)*8,26 = 8,73 (3/3);
V. N =6,66 + (1,35 - 1)*8,26 = 9,55 (3/3).
10. , 3/3.
VH O = VH O 0+ 0,0161 ( V0;
V =1,864 + 0,0161*(1,125 - 1)*8,26 = 1,881 (3/3)
I . VI =1,864 + 0,0161*(1,175 - 1)*8,26 = 1,887 (3/3)
II . VII =1,864 + 0,0161*(1,25 - 1)*8,26 = 1,897 (3/3)
V =1,864+0,0161*(1,35 - 1)*8,26= 1,911 (3/3).
11. , 3/3.
V = VRO + VN +VH O ;
V =0,87 + 7,69 + 1,881 = 10,441 (3/3)
I . VI = 0,87 + 8,11 + 1,887 = 10,867 (3/3)
II . VII = 0,87 + 8,73 + 1,897 = 11,497 (3/3)
V = 0,87 + 9,55 + 1,911 = 12,331 (3/3)
12. , :
rRO = ; r = ; r n = rRO + rH O.
rRO = = =0,083 ;
r = = = 0,18 ;
r n = rRO + rH O.= 0,083 + 0,18 = 0,263
I . rRO = = =0,08 ;
r = = = 0,17 ;
r n = rRO + rH O.= 0,08 + 0,17 = 0,25
II . rRO = = =0,076 ;
r = = = 0,165 ;
r n = rRO + rH O.= 0,076 + 0,165 = 0,241
rRO = = =0,071 ;
r = = = 0,155 ;
r n = rRO + rH O.= 0,071 + 0,155 = 0,226
13. .
. .1
.1
| |
|
|
V0= ; VRO =; V0N =; VH O 0= |
|
I . |
II . |
|
-  |
1,15
|
1,2
|
1,3
|
1,4
|
 |
0,05
|
0,05
|
0,1
|
0,1
|
-  |
1,125
|
1,175
|
1,25
|
1,35
|
 |
3/3
|
10,441
|
10,867
|
11,497
|
12,331
|
rRO |
0,083
|
0,08
|
0,076
|
0,071
|
r H O |
0,18
|
0,17
|
0,165
|
0,155
|
rn = rRO + rH O |
0,263
|
0,25
|
0,241
|
0,226
|
3.2. .
1). 100 2000; /3.
I0 = V ( )
- 1 3 , (/3) .
. 2.
| 100 |
8,26 |
132,7 |
1096 |
| 200 |
8,26 |
267,1 |
2206 |
| 300 |
8,26 |
404 |
3337 |
| 400 |
8,26 |
543,5 |
4489 |
| 500 |
8,26 |
686,3 |
5669 |
| 600 |
8,26 |
832,4 |
6876 |
| 700 |
8,26 |
982,8 |
8118 |
| 800 |
8,26 |
1134 |
9367 |
| 900 |
8,26 |
1285,2 |
10616 |
| 1000 |
8,26 |
1440,6 |
11899 |
| 1100 |
8,26 |
1600,2 |
13218 |
| 1200 |
8,26 |
1759,8 |
14536 |
| 1300 |
8,26 |
1919,4 |
15854 |
| 1400 |
8,26 |
2083,2 |
17207 |
| 1500 |
8,26 |
2247 |
18560 |
| 1600 |
8,26 |
2410,8 |
19913 |
| 1700 |
8,26 |
2574,6 |
21266 |
| 1800 |
8,26 |
2738,4 |
22619 |
| 1900 |
8,26 |
2906,4 |
24007 |
| 2000 |
8,26 |
3074,4 |
25395 |
2. 1000 20000 :
I0 = VRO IRO + VN IN +VH OI H O.
: VRO , VN , VH O , ;
IRO , IN ,I H O , , . .3
| 100 |
0,87 |
170,5 |
6,66 |
130,2 |
1,864 |
151,2 |
1297 |
| 200 |
0,87 |
358,7 |
6,66 |
260,8 |
1,864 |
305,3 |
2618 |
| 300 |
0,87 |
560,7 |
6,66 |
393,1 |
1,864 |
464,1 |
3971 |
| 400 |
0,87 |
774,5 |
6,66 |
528,4 |
1,864 |
628,3 |
5364 |
| 500 |
0,87 |
999,6 |
6,66 |
666,1 |
1,864 |
797,2 |
6792 |
| 600 |
0,87 |
1226,4 |
6,66 |
806,4 |
1,864 |
970,2 |
8246 |
| 700 |
0,87 |
1465,8 |
6,66 |
949,2 |
1,864 |
1150,8 |
9742 |
| 800 |
0,87 |
1709,4 |
6,66 |
1096,2 |
1,864 |
1339,8 |
11285 |
| 900 |
0,87 |
1957,2 |
6,66 |
1247,4 |
1,864 |
1528,8 |
12860 |
| 1000 |
0,87 |
2209,2 |
6,66 |
1398,6 |
1,864 |
1730,4 |
14462 |
| 1100 |
0,87 |
2465,4 |
6,66 |
1549,8 |
1,864 |
1932 |
16068 |
| 1200 |
0,87 |
2725,8 |
6,66 |
1701 |
1,864 |
2137,8 |
17685 |
| 1300 |
0,87 |
2986,2 |
6,66 |
1856,4 |
1,864 |
2352 |
19346 |
| 1400 |
0,87 |
3250,8 |
6,66 |
2016 |
1,864 |
2506,2 |
20926 |
| 1500 |
0,87 |
3515,4 |
6,66 |
2171,4 |
1,864 |
2788,8 |
22718 |
| 1600 |
0,87 |
3780 |
6,66 |
2331 |
1,864 |
3011,4 |
24426 |
| 1700 |
0,87 |
4048,8 |
6,66 |
2490,6 |
1,864 |
3238,2 |
26146 |
| 1800 |
0,87 |
4317,6 |
6,66 |
2650,2 |
1,864 |
3469,2 |
27873 |
| 1900 |
0,87 |
4586,4 |
6,66 |
2814 |
1,864 |
3700,2 |
29629 |
| 2000 |
0,87 |
4859,4 |
6,66 |
2973,6 |
1,864 |
3939,6 |
31375 |
3. .
I = ( - 1)* I0.
4. .4
| |
|
| 2000 |
25395 |
31375 |
3174 |
34550 |
| 1900 |
24007 |
29629 |
3001 |
32629 |
| 1800 |
22619 |
27873 |
2827 |
30701 |
| 1700 |
21266 |
26146 |
2658 |
28804 |
| |
1600 |
19913 |
24426 |
2489 |
26915 |
| |
1500 |
18560 |
22718 |
2320 |
25038 |
| α=1,125-1= |
1400 |
17207 |
20926 |
2151 |
23077 |
| =0,125 |
1300 |
15854 |
19346 |
1982 |
21328 |
| 1200 |
14536 |
17685 |
1817 |
19502 |
| 1100 |
13218 |
16068 |
1652 |
17720 |
| 1000 |
11899 |
14462 |
1487 |
15950 |
| 900 |
10616 |
12860 |
1327 |
14187 |
| 800 |
9367 |
11285 |
1171 |
12456 |
| 1 |
1000 |
11899 |
14462 |
2082 |
16545 |
| α=1,175-1= |
900 |
10616 |
12860 |
1858 |
14718 |
| =0,175 |
800 |
9367 |
11285 |
1639 |
12924 |
| 700 |
8118 |
9742 |
1421 |
11163 |
| 600 |
6876 |
8246 |
1203 |
9449 |
| 500 |
5669 |
6792 |
992 |
7784 |
| 2 |
700 |
8118 |
9742 |
2029 |
11771 |
| α=1,25-1= |
600 |
6876 |
8246 |
1719 |
9965 |
| =0,25 |
500 |
5669 |
6792 |
1417 |
8209 |
| 400 |
4489 |
5364 |
1122 |
6486 |
| 300 |
3337 |
3971 |
834 |
4805 |
|
400 |
4489 |
5364 |
1571 |
6935 |
| |
300 |
3337 |
3971 |
1168 |
5139 |
| α=1,35-1= |
200 |
2206 |
2618 |
772 |
3390 |
| =0,35 |
100 |
1096 |
1297 |
384 |
1681 |
.
.
1. , /3.
Q = Q +Q..,
Q .
Q.. , /, ( ).
Q = Q = 31000, (/3).
2. :
q2 = ,
- t- .
- .
- t = 300.
= 39,8*V0=39,8 * 8,26 = 328,75.
t = 1200;
= *120=2017,2
=1,4
q2 = = =5,02.
3. .
q3 = 0,5.
4. q4 = . q4 = 0.
5. (%)
q5 =1,7
6. .
Q = D (ί - ί) + * (ί - ί ),
D , /
ί =- ί
ί =-
ί =
, %
ί = t * = t *4,19=100*4,19=419; (/)
ί = 2927,4
ί = 2802,1
ί = 807,6
D = =2,78
= 3% * D = 0,083
Q = D (ί - ί) + * (ί - ί )= 2,78(2802,1 419) + 0,083(807,6419)=
= 6625,02 + 32,25 = 6657,27
.
7. (%).
η = 100 - (q2 +q 3 +q4 + q5) = 100 (5,02 + 0,5 + 1,7) = 92,78.
8. , 3/.
= .100 = = 0,23
9. , 3/.
= .=0,23
10. .
= 1 - = =0,98.
.
:
V , V = 17,2
F , F = 41,46
H , = 38,95.
:
= 0,94
2. :
Q = Q
Q/ - , :
Q/ = = 1,1 *328,75= 361,63
Q = Q = 29805,43.
: =ξ.
= 0,8; ξ=0,65;
=ξ=0,8 * 0,65 = 0,52.
G= 1,76
():
S = 3,6 = 3,6 * 1,5.
:
k = k rn + kc.
k :
k = .
rn ,
r .
r =0,18; rn= 0,263
n = rn * , = 0,1
n = rn * = 0,263 * 0,1 = 0,0263
k = = = 8,96.
kc
kc = 0,3 (2- ) * ;

=2,59
kc = 0,3 (2- ) * = = =1,075;
k = k rn + kc= 8,96 * 0,263 + 1,075 = 3,43
6. .
= m a+(1- m ) ,
m , ,
a= 1--( k r + k) S=1--3,43*0,1*1,5=0,4
a =1--k r S=1--8,96*0,263*0,1*1,5=0,298
= m* a+ (1-m )* a=0,5 * 0,4 + (1-0,5) * 0,298=0,349;
, .
= 0,54-0,2 m, m = = =0,177
= 0,54-0,2 m=0,54 - 0,2 * 0,177 = 0,5
8. 13 .
VC = 
= 15950 10000
= 1700 + 273 = 19730
=12730
VC = = 19,79
9. .
= 0,51
10. :

= =1017
3.5. .
= 116
n=328, n .
n I..=225 n II..=103
I.. = 0,69 II.. = 0,31
II..=116*0,31= 36 2
I..=116-36=80 2
.
σ1 = 1,96 σ2 = 2,16
.
Fm. = =0,41 (2)
. .
Θ//1 =800
Θ//1 =700
, ; /3.
I/I..= =16826
Q = φ (I/ - I// + I0).
Θ//1=800 ; Q =0,98(16826 12924 + 0,05*328,75)=3840,07
Θ//1 =700; Q =0,98(16826 11163 + 0,05*328,75)=5565,85
.

Θ//1=800 = =908,5
Θ//1=700 = =858,5
7. .
Δt = Θ-t; t = 194,70 .
Θ//1=800; Δt = Θ-t=908,5 - 194,7 =713,8;
Θ//1=700; Δt = Θ-t=858,5 194,7 = 663,8.
8. .
ω = .
Θ//1=800 ω = =6,6;
Θ//1=700 ω = =6,3.
9. .

s=1; =0,94; r I..=0,17
Θ//1=800 =45 =1,01 =45*0,94*1*1,01=42,72;
Θ//2=700 =42 =1,03 =42*0,94*1*1,03=40,66
. :
k*p*s = (k rn + kμ)ps.
k = 0, : k*p*s = k rn ps.
rn ( .1)
s : s = 0,9*d* ;
k ,
k = 
Θ//1; k =
Θ//2; k =
/, = 0,1
k*p*s = k rn ps
Θ//1; k*p*s =
Θ//2; k*p*s =
( 8)
Θ//1; =
Θ//2; =
, :
= **,
- ,
- ( 9).
9 .
T 2000, : Θ//1; Θ//2;
:
= * * .
Θ//1; =
Θ//2; =
:
= *( ),
- ,
=1; =0,95.
Θ//1; =
Θ//2; =
, 13 :
Q = 
.
;
-
- .
= , - 10 .
Θ//1;
Θ//2;
Q = 
Θ//1; Q =
Θ//2; Q =
.
Θ// =
Q =f (Θ//); Θ//.
.
, .
t = 120-1300 ( ).
Q = φ*( I/ - I//+ I0).
ί// = ,
;
D /, /
ί/ = ί n
, 0.

- , 0.
= Θ/ t// =
= Θ// - t/ =
t =
, /.
ω = *V*(Θ+273),
V ( .1)

ω =
.
= * =
, 2.
= 
.
n = =
m = ,
Z .
.. : . .. . 2- ., . . .: , 1989
.., .. : . .: , 2005
|